托福聽力的幾種開頭方式
來源：
小編： 244托福聽力主要是根據聽力的內容以及文章構架的布局。確定聽力原則能夠幫助考生更快地定位聽力要點，短時間內定位答案，下面小編為大家介紹一下。
托福聽力開頭方式
托福聽力包括對話和講座兩部分內容，對于對話和講座的開頭方式并不相同，下面分別介紹一下托福聽力開頭部分的方式。
1、對話：學生和老師或者是工作人員的先后順序
1)學生先開口說：學生先開口，就會陳述問題的內容，直接進入主題;
2)學生未開口，老師先說一件事或一個問題;
3)學生來交一個材料，老師提出另外的一些問題;
4)學生和老師用了很短時間解決了一個學生問題，學生又問了另外的問題。
2、講座：主要是教授或者老師針對一個話題展開討論
1)課堂回顧式
2)直入主題式
3)背景引入式
4)寒暄離題式
第二部分：聽力講座四種開頭方式
1)課堂回顧
TPO1-L3
OK,we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.
OK.In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin with a fiber that's commonly known as "Manila hemp."
大家可以注意到加粗部分的內容，是針對課程或者課堂內容的回顧。課堂回顧是我們聽重點的一個提示而已，我們要關注的是后邊的內容，也就是“本堂課”要注意的內容。
課堂回顧式常見關鍵點：
時態：一般過上時或者是現在完成時、現在完成進行時
關鍵詞：in the last class, today, now, talk about, but.
2)直入主題式
TPO18-L1
OK,today we are going to start a study of sunspot today
Ok,now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms.
直入主題的開頭方式，需要考生集中精力聽講座的內容，不要錯過聽力的有效信息。
直入主題式常見關鍵點：
時態：一般現在時或者將來時
直入主題式常見關鍵詞：now, want to talk about,
3)背景引入式
OG-test 2-L4
We've been looking at colossal statues—works of exceptionally huge size—and their essentially public role, in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statues date back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt—which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving only in legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to our own time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek god Helios. Remember, this same word, "colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-size statue—is what today’s term "colossal” derives from. Now, it was one thing to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds were being allocated by ancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to think about modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their role as social and political symbols—in order to understand why a society today—a society of free, tax-paying citizens—would agree to allocate so much of its resources to erecting them.
背景引入式的開頭方式，是聽力講座，尤其是學術類講座的一個重要特點。為了引出講座的主題，教授會在一開始的時候，先將一下相關的背景，循序漸進地帶入。
背景引入式常見關鍵點：
時態：一般現在時或者過去式
4)寒暄離題式
TPO2-Lecture2
Hi,everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning. Anyway, I," do my best to hove them finished by the next time we meet.
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