雅思大作文話題素材及核心詞匯（下篇）
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3. 環境題材 Environment
引言
環境污染與保護。
犧牲環境為代價的發展會嚴重危及人類的生存，因此，應該在發展與保護環境中尋求一種平衡。高科技發展導致環境污染，保護環境是要人們過簡單生活還是依賴科技？個人在環保中是否可以發揮作用？有人認為公司和個人，而不是政府應該為他們所造成的污染負責，是否同意？環境問題個人是無法解決的，只有企業和國家才能解決，是否同意？
環境題目真題再現
A 類題目
20050806 Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away society”, because we are
filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of.
To want extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend to reduce
this problem?
關鍵詞解讀：環境污染中的垃圾問題
20090212 Development in technology leads to environmental problems, and some people think
that the solution to these problems is for everyone to lead a simpler way of life, while others say
that technology can solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
關鍵詞解讀：科技解決環境問題
20090221 Some think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while
others think the problems cannot be solved unless individuals take some action. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
關鍵詞解讀：個人解決環境問題
20090711 Some people think that companies and individuals, rather than governments, should pay
to clean up the pollution that they have caused. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement
關鍵詞解讀：誰來出污染處理費用
20091031 The environmental problem in the world can not be solved by ordinary people, and
governments and large companies should be responsible for this problem. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
關鍵詞解讀：環境問題個人還是政府解決
G 類題目
Some people claim that it is the responsibility for some individuals to protect the environment,
while others consider that the government should take the main responsibility. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
關鍵詞解讀： 與 A 類題目重合
◎ 污染
環境污染(pollution/ contamination)日益嚴重(worsening)，對生態系統的平衡(ecological
balance)帶來了威脅(pose a threat to)，如汽車帶來的尾氣排放(emission of cars)造成的空氣
污染、 溫室氣體(greenhouse gas)帶來的全球變暖(climate change)。
◎ 原因
人口爆炸
overpopulation——scarcity of water ——inadequate behavior
過度工業化
over-industrialization——use up the resources——ignore sustainable development
過度開發
overexploitation——consume the natural resources and threaten the equilibrium of ecosystem
◎ 解決
意識提升：enhance the awareness of environmental protection of the general public
再度利用：reuse, recycle, renewable, reproduce
加強保護：strengthen the preservation
全面合作：government, society and every family make joint efforts
involve the international cooperation as well as individuals’ effort
開發能源：explore alternative energy to replace the fossil fuels
explore environmentally-friendly fuel
采取措施：take harsher measures
出臺法律：enact the relevant laws
work out the regulations
教育普及：popularize the knowledge of environmental protection
cultivate the good habit in life
媒體倡導：arouse the attention of the public of the importance of environment
詞匯部分
environment n. 自然環境，生態環境
【 同 源 詞 匯 】 environmental adj. 環 境 的 ； environmentally adv. 有 關 環 境 方 面 ；
environmentalism n. 環境保護論
【經典搭配】ruin the environment 破壞環境
strengthen environmental protection 加強環境保護
protect the environment from the pollution 保護環境不受污染
【即學即用】Economic development is clearly essential for communities’ livelihoods and the
well-being of nations, but is often a source of harmful environmental pollution.
很顯然，經濟發展有利于國富民強，但同時也是環境污染的源頭。
environmentalist n. 環境論者，環保人士
【即學即用】He is an environmentalist with a passion of the biology and geography of the region.
他是一個環保人士，對這個地區的生物和地理很有熱情。
思路拓展
環保 4R 的理念
Reduction 減量
Reuse 重復使用
Recycling 回收性
Regeneration 再生
pollution n. 污染
【同源詞匯】pollute vt. 污染；polluted adj. 受污染的；pollutant n. 污染物
【同義表達】contamination n. 污染，污染物
【即學即用】People would pay high price for the environmental pollution caused by man-made
waste.
人們會為產生的垃圾帶來的環境污染付出高昂的代價。
詞匯拓展
organic pollutants 有機污染物
white pollution 白色污染
water and soil erosion 水土流失
endangered wildlife 瀕危野生動物
greenhouse effect 溫室效應
rubbish/ garbage/ trash/ waste/ litter 垃圾
chemical pollutant 化學污染物
air and noise contamination / pollution 空氣和噪音污染
over-industrialization 過度工業化
deforestation 森林砍伐
the deterioration of air quality 日益惡化的空氣質量
contaminate vt. 污染
【同源詞匯】contamination n. 污染，污染物；contaminant n. 污染物，致污物
【同義表達】pollute vt. 污染
【即學即用】Environmental pollutants from many different sources contaminate water, air, and
land, putting humans and ecosystems at risk.
不同來源的污染物質會污染水、空氣及土壤，使人類和生態系統面臨威脅。
思路拓展
Humans are paying the price（付出代價）of these pollutants on
many levels: from direct harm to health through cancer, neurological
impairment（神經損害）, and other ailments（疾病）, to contamination
of the food chain （污染食物鏈）and the failing capacity of ecosystems
（生態系統的容納能力減弱）to absorb wastes and provide the
essentials for life. These complex and urgent problems require
innovative, flexible, and action-oriented（以行動為導向）approaches to
finding solutions.
alleviate vt. 減輕，緩和
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