雅思大作文話題素材及核心詞匯（下篇）
來源：
小編：環球雅思 4396【經典搭配】alleviate burdens 減負
alleviate pressure 減壓
【即學即用】One thing is for sure, that by using more energy efficient, we will be helping to
alleviate the toll on environmental and human health
可以確定通過使用更節約的能源，我們就會減少在環境和健康方面付出的代價。
at the expense of 以……為代價
【同義表達】at the cost of 以……為代價
【即學即用】He finished the job at the expense of his health.
他完成了那件工作，但卻損害了健康。
waste n. 廢物，浪費
【同義表達】refuse n. 垃圾，廢物； garbage n. 垃圾，廢物；rubbish n. 垃圾，廢物
【經典搭配】garbage classification 垃圾分類
【考官例句】I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family
produces a large amount of waste every week.
我認為今天幾乎在所有的國家，家家戶戶每周都要產生大量的垃圾。
ecological n. 生態，生態學
【同源詞匯】ecology n. 生態學
【經典搭配】ecological balance 生態平衡
ecological equilibrium 生態平衡
【即學即用】It is no doubt that animals play a vital role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium.
毫無疑問，動物在維持自然平衡上起著重要的作用。
【句架提煉】maintain the ecological equilibrium 維持生態平衡
ecosystem n. 生態系統
【即學即用】There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest.
森林里有高度敏感、靈敏平衡的各種生態系統。
worsen vi.& vt. 惡化，變得更壞
【同源詞匯】worse adj. 更壞的，更差的； worsening adj. 日益惡化的
【同義表達】deteriorate vi. 惡化，變壞；vt. 惡化
【同源詞匯】exhausted adj. 耗盡的；exhaustion n. 枯竭，耗盡
【同義表達】use up 用完，耗盡； consume vt. 消耗
【經典搭配】be exhausted 被耗盡
motor vehicle exhaust 汽車尾氣排放
【即學即用】Motor vehicle exhaust leads partly to the greenhouse effect.
機動車尾氣排放是導致溫室效應的部分原因。
be in short supply 供應不足
【同義表達】shortage n. 缺乏，缺少；scarcity n. 不足，缺乏； lack of 缺乏
【經典搭配】water shortage 水資源短缺
run out of resources 資源短缺
【即學即用】It is widely-accepted that water as a valuable resource is in short supply in some
area.
眾所周知，在某些地區短缺珍貴的水資源。
ozone layer 【氣】臭氧層
【即學即用】Pollution leads to depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and climate change.
污染能導致臭氧層的空洞，全球變暖及氣候變化。
use up 用完，耗盡
【考官例句】Certainly nobody wants to see our resources used up and our planet poisoned by
waste.
當然，每人愿意看到資源用盡，地球遍地垃圾。
consume vt. 消耗，消費
【考官例句】The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a
daily basis than the families did in the past.
我們用掉大量的包裝袋，其原因在于要比過去家庭的包裝袋消耗量大得多。
【句架提煉】The reason why... is that... ……的原因在于
discharge vt. 使流出，放出；排出
【即學即用】Experts blame people's poor awareness of the harm done to marine ecology by
pollutants discharged by coastal cities.
很多專家將海洋生態的破壞歸咎于缺乏環保意識，沿海城市居民將污染物排放到大海里。
release vt. 釋放，發射 n. 釋放
【即學即用】Air pollution is the release of chemicals and particles into the atmosphere.
空氣污染是化學物質釋放到大氣中而造成的。
emission n. 排放，散發，發出（氣體、光、熱）
【同源詞匯】emit vt. 發出，散發（光、熱、聲音、氣等）
【經典搭配】the emission of… 排放
emission reduction 減排
carbon emission reduction 碳減排
【即學即用】The restriction of the number of cars can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to
a large extent.
從很大程度上來說，限制車的數量可以減少溫室氣體的排放。
zero-emission 零排放
【即學即用】In addition to public transport, switching to zero-emission vehicles is another
approach to control the air pollution in major cities.
除了提高公共交通外，改用零排放的車輛是很多大城市控制空氣污染的另一個方法。
詞匯拓展
所謂零排放，是指無限地減少污染物和能源排放直至到零的活動。zero-emission vehicle 就是“零排放車輛”，指不排放任何有害污染物的車輛。zero-emission vehicle 稱為 green vehicle（綠色汽車）、eco-friendly vehicle（環保汽車）、clean car（清潔汽車）等
energy-saving and emission-reduction 節能減排
【 即 學 即 用 】 How will the city government strengthen the management of
high-energy-consumption enterprises as far as energy saving and emission
reduction are concerned?
就節能減排而言，市政府如何加強高耗能企業的管理？
exploitation n. 開發，開采
【同源詞匯】exploit vt. 開發，開拓；overexploitation n. 過度開采
【考官例句】It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of
children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of
exploitation that should be discouraged.
不幸的是很多雇主愿意使用童工，付給他們的薪水要比成年人低很多，應該阻
止剝削勞動力的行為。
【句架提煉】It is an unfortunate fact that... 不幸的是……
hazardous adj.（化合物）有害的
【同源詞匯】hazard vt. 使遭受危險 n. 危險
【同義表達】poisonous adj. 有毒的，惡毒的；dangerous adj. 危險的
【經典搭配】hazardous material 有害物質
【即學即用】The situation has the potential to be hazardous, but no people, property, or
environment is currently affected by this.
這種情況可能很危險，但是人、財產及環境在目前狀況下不會受到影響。
degradation n. 退化
【同源詞匯】degrade vt. 使……降解 vi. 退化； degradable adj. 可能降解的
【經典搭配】environmental degradation 環境惡化
【即學即用】Grassland degradation and desertification have become one of the prominent
environmental problems in this area.
草地退化、土地沙化等問題已成為這一地區突出的環境問題之一。
deforestation n. 森林砍伐
【同源詞匯】deforest vt. 采伐森林
【反義表達】afforestation n. 造林
【即學即用】Deforestation and increased road-building are a significant concern because of
increased human encroachment upon wild areas, increased resource extraction and
further threats to biodiversity.
森林砍伐和修筑公路是人類不斷侵犯野生環境，不斷地開采資源，對生物多樣化造成了威脅。
思路拓展
Disregard or ignorance of intrinsic value（內在規律）, lax forest management（松散的森林管理） and deficient environmental law（不嚴格的環境保護法）are some of the factors that allow deforestation to occur on a large scale（大規模的森林砍伐）. In many countries,deforestation is an ongoing issue that is causing extinction（滅絕）,changes to climatic conditions（氣候條件）, desertification（土壤沙漠化）, and displacement of indigenous people（本土居民的遷移）.renewable adj. 可更新的，可繼續的，可再生的人們越來越關注礦物燃料和環境污染的關系。
寫作話題
20090530 Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in
many countries, but in some countries, the use of alternative sources of
energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged. Is this trend a
positive or a negative development?
關鍵詞解讀：記得在一部美國影片中：一位年輕人指著不遠處的一個老頭，對其伙伴說：Hey , look at that fossil fuel. 這里的 fossil fuel 應該是指“老不死”吧。還記得大學期間的一位教授說自己是old fossil，調侃自己是“老頑固”。那么這道雅思作文里的關鍵詞fossil fuel，指的是化石燃料，包括煤碳、石油、天然氣等在特定地
質條件下形成的沉積礦石。non-fossil fuel 指得就是非礦物燃料.
例如：
Gasoline（汽油）, coal（煤）, natural gas（天然氣）, diesel（柴油）,and other commodities derived from fossil fuels are non-renewable（自然資源非再生的）. Unlike fossil fuels, a renewable resource（可再生資源）can have a sustainable yield（可持續發展）.那么題中的另一關鍵詞 alternative sources（替代能源，新能源）
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